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Mountain glaciers and ice melts, on the surface, now installed, Accelerates under the effect of global warming. But, in parallel, do you know that the network of rivers and lakes comes under thick snowy layers, which helps to disrupt them and significantly increase the risk of natural disasters?
In June 2024, when Beef hamlet The slag and debris are disastrous with flows. Flooding is the result of extreme rainfall, but The rupture of the pocket of sub -shiny water From the good stone of the iceberg neighbors.
In anticipation of such disasters, it is important to be interested in the interactions between the flow of the iceberg and the water network they hide. This is for today’s glaciers, based on poles and mountains, the places of past glaciers.
Water under icebergs, a natural lubricant
Like a magnificent treadmill, glaciers constantly change a few thousands of meters from the interior to the snow and a few kilometers per year. This exchange is mainly obtained from the gravitational force: the The snow is the most viscous liquid It flows under the effect of its weight and slope.
But under the snow, other methods of accelerating the displacement can be implemented, especially when the cast iron is formed by warming, and they penetrate into the network of cracks. In doing so, she “lubricates” the interface between the snow and the ground.
This water, under pressure, reduces the friction due to the mass of the snow above. Everything happens like doing the iceberg «Ventriclis» Rocks and basic sediment bed.
So millions of cubic kilometers of ice finds their transport speeds to accelerate: this is mounting By two or three. This phenomenon is in the appearance of the slimmer of the iceberg hats and the increase in the production of icebergs, when the snowy languages finish their races at sea.
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Greenland, Antarctica and, in a wide range of sea level, the level of sea level depends on the contact between the rivers and the sub-panchayat network of rivers and lakes.
Water packets
In its way, the water will face recession and cavities in which the lakes located in the rock or snow. Acceleration of water production under the impact of melting surface ice cream due to climate change, thus in the appearance of A An increase in number and size Sub -glacier water tanks.
When they reach full, water can raise or break the iceberg Dams. Millions of cubic meters of water, such as the Saiban of a bathtub that is simultaneously removed.
This empty is not out of effect: it is the unstable acceleration of the snow flow (attached to the “ventriclis” effect above), but snow avalanches (displacement and decline glaciers) and Failures of the iceberg It will trigger volcanic events The current.
These events are the culmination of a long and invisible process, which is beyond its balance, which is quietly formed by the sub-panchayat water network.
Is there Read:
ListeningFrom the song Melting glaciers
Sudden and unpredictable changes
This equilibrium point has passed July 12, 1892 In the Mont-Plank Masif, a lake under the iceberg de Dead-Ruke, pouring about 200,000 meters of water in the St.-Cerevis Valley, filling nearly a million cubic meters or 400 Olympic swimming pools! – The sediment, blocks and grabbing trees on its path.
From the well-known volcano, the village leaves the village on the St.-Grews, the more opportunity for the residents of the village: 175 has disappeared. In the Masif des écrins, the story was repeated in June 2024 by some disappearance of Berth’s hamlet.
The number of danger-apartha lakes has increased significantly in all the mountain range, not only in France in recent years. All the lakes that live in or in front of or in front of the glaciers — so today, snow threats are at risk of pouring under the impact of melting 15 million people Worldwide. At least 4,000 people They have already died following such vacant.
This is especially the danger. One Thousands of sub -glaciers lakes It is currently identified in the world, which is the most underestimated number. So there is an urgency to predict and prevent the risks of iceberg attached to cast iron storage. To do this, find the existence of these lakes, understand their evolution and expect vacant events in the difficult environment of a waterproof network in full mutation.
Countries with adequate technical mechanisms lead Surveillance campaigns And even carry out expensive activities Pumping/drainage These water reservoirs are temporarily reduced to the risk of decay. But in the current climate environment, the proliferation of lakes can complicate the work of local authorities.
It is difficult to access the less world
It must be said that it is difficult to access the environment. The sub-state environments are distinguished by their hostile, unpredictable and inaccessibleness-except for some Experienced snowpacker inspectors).
The methods of geo -physics in particular Radio The ice is under and under the ice to create ultrasounds of the iceberg, but they are very timely, limited to time and place, to arrest its real problem.
How to predict the spatial and temporary evolution of such an environment that lost several ten, hundreds of or thousands of meters in the snow? Sometimes we know that there is a huge pressure – it is like meeting several hundred meters of water – and the sandwich of rocks, sediment, water and ice, and its interstitations develop to daily and seasonal rhythm variations in cast iron water production.
Is this iceberg environment changed under the effect of climate change? Is the dangerous rocking point nearby? To answer this question, it is precious to be interested in our planet’s iceberg history.
Last snow era lessons
For the best understanding of the water network, the operation of the water network should be interested in snow giants such as Antarctica or Greenland. Under the snow, itchy cast iron, transportation, sediment deposits, snowing them short, shapes a unique landscape. Nowadays, it is hidden under a thick coat snow, but now missing glacier caps offer concessioned access to the environment.
There are widespread expansions – tens of thousands of square kilometers across North America, Scandinavia and Siberia – with exceptional protection, with the vigilantes and sediment designed by the Action snow and water.
By analyzing the incredible diversity of the dimensions by this confusing sediment relief, paleooclausialists are trying to combine different parts of the puzzle, and now it is now hidden to recreate the sub-peer instructions that control the dynamics of these hats.
Field Campaigns, Statistical Analysis of Relief Artificial intelligence – And modeling is a modern paleoochemist toolbox. In the end, it should be made to improve digital models that describe the universal (last, current and future) operation of ice caps. The challenge is to combine more accurate contact between ice, water and sediment during climate change.
Improving these models can better predict Non -possible non -effects – these are popular “Run points” The model is very difficult – in the behavior of glaciers.
Whether we consider these non -linear consequences, the Forecast Varies at the end of the century at the end of one meter. It is worthwhile to find the elements of the answer in the iceberg archives hiding in the landscapes of the planet, so it is precious to know what to expect.
The future of our icebergs and ice can be written at least one part of their ancestors.
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